DAISY'S NOTES:
Preconditions to War: Rise of Fascism in German (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini) Stalin (Russia) and Militarism in Japan.
Example of Fascist Rule:
"Whoever commits an act against the life, health or personal freedom of the King or the Regent is punished by death."
-Mussolini, Law of Measures for Defense of State 11/25/1926
U.S. Policy of Isolation and Neutrality (Neutrality Acts of 1935-37)
No sale or shipment of arms, no loans or credit, no traveling by citizens on ships of......to belligerent nations involved in war.
Cash and Carry Principle: nonmilitary goods paid for in cash and transported on their ships.
SIDES OF THE WAR:
Allied Powers Axis Powers
United States Japan
Great Britain Germany
Russia Italy
France (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis)
WAR IN EUROPE: (the Mediterranean)
*Germany invades Poland in 1939 (act of German aggression)
September 2, 1939 U.S. and Allies declare war on Germany
Germany signs non-aggression pact with Soviet Union not to attack one another.
By 1940, Germany conquers Poland, Norway, Denmark and occupy France
1941-Bombed British cities - Winston Churchill - Victory at All Costs
1941 - Hitler invades Soviet Union establishes a "new order" in Europe.
Holocaust:
Anti-Semitism; Blitzkreig-Night of Terror
Kristallnachut-Night of Broken Glass
Nuremberg Laws of 1935 (Take away citizenship of Jewish People)
Battle of El Alamein, Egypt
July 1942- Italian forces invade Africa
Battle of Stalingrad:
February 1943 - Soviets attack Germany
D-Day June 6, 1944 -- 50,000 American/British soldiers arrive on beach at Normandy, France to free Paris from German occupation
Battle of the Bulge: 200,000 German troops attack American forces in North France and Belgium creating a bulge in allied lines of defense.
April 1945 - U.S. attack on industrial cities of Germany (Berlin Airlift)
Hitler commits suicide
VE Day (Victory in Europe) - May 7, 1945
VJ Day (Victory in Japan) - 8/6/1945
U.S. dropped bomb on Hiroshima and three days later Nagasaki to end war.
Yalta Conference (9/45)- Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt (work out peace agreement)
Terms of: Divides Germany into East/West)
Pledge to establish United Nations to replace League of Nations
United Nations establishes:
General Assembly
Security Council
Economic/Social Council
International Court of Justice
Trusteeship Council
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WAR IN THE PACIFIC:
December 7, 1941 - Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor Naval Base in Hawaii
U.S. Mobilizes for War:
War Production Board (WPB)
Selective Service
Nursing Corps.
Fair Employment Practices Committee (African-Americans)
Women - Rosie the Riveter
Japanese Internment
Rationing/Recyling Efforts
*Geography - Axis advantage due to centralized powers. U.S. fighting on two fronts (Mediterranean and Pacific)
FDR dies/Truman takes over as President; assigns General MacArthur to fight in Pacific ("Island Hopping"). Views U.S. "As Arsenal for Democracy"
Battles in the Pacific: (U.S. against Japanese)
Battle of Java Sea - Japanese Victory to secure Phillipine Islands
U.S. Victories in the Pacific:
Battle of Coral Sea and Battle of Midway (Guadalcanal)
Essentially naval/air battles to destroy enemy equipment and cut off supplies. German U-Boats sinking U.S. Merchant ships to cut off suppplies. U.S. used NAVAJO language as code to keep classified infromation from Japanese.
Battle of Phillipine Sea: U.S. destroyed hundreds of Japanese planes
Battle of Okinawa: Bloodiest battle 49,000 U.S. Casualties; 100,000 Japanese including Kamikaze Pilots.
Battle of Iwo Jima: U.S. Casualties 4,000; Japanese 29,000
Battle of Atlantic - 1944 (Sea & Air Assault) Sonar equipment used to detect underwater objects like German U-Boats.
ATLANTIC CHARTER (8/1941) Agreement between Great Britain and United States Terms of:
-Recognition of self-determination of all nations (to choose our own governments);
-No seek territory from one another
-Disarmament
-"General Security" for the future